miércoles, 27 de febrero de 2008

La fe en los mercados tambalea

La sabiduría que nos trasmite habitualmente Frei Betto en sus notas ilumina el pensamiento de todos aquellos que nos preocupamos por la situación social y política de nuestro mundo. En una nota reciente nos convoca a pensar qué cosa es el neoliberalismo. Y este propósito apunta a no caer en el facilismo de la crítica que exhiben los medios concentrados. Ha pasado ya la euforia del derrame de la copa que nos había prometido el Consenso de Washington. Pudimos comprobar, una vez más, que todo tipo de experimentos de esa naturaleza termina siendo pagado por la piel de los más pobres y desprotegidos. La copa tenía un agujero similar a los agujeros negros, todo lo que pasa cerca es absorbido y desaparece. Los informes anuales de PNUD fueron mostrando palmariamente que las riquezas se concentraron mucho más de lo que ya estaban.
Pasada la euforia, decía, empezaron a oírse voces críticas que intentaban denunciar los resultados calamitosos que los años noventa habían provocado. Muchas de esas voces se limitan a una crítica sobre los métodos, las implementaciones mal realizadas, etc., por lo que pareciera que faltó destreza para llevar adelante la verdad profunda que contenía el consenso famoso. Porque dicen ¿quién puede estar contra la libertad de comerciar? ¿quién puede oponerse a esas verdades sagradas de las bondades del libre mercado? Acaso ¿no hemos visto el desastre de la economía planificada? Con tales verdades simples y superficiales creen que fundamentan la verdad de la doctrina. Evidentemente nos subestiman, suponen que la mediocridad de los anunciadores del mercado ha logrado contagiarnos a todos.
Entonces es cuando la palabra seria y comprometida de Betto nos llama a la reflexión:
“La esencia del capitalismo es la acumulación progresiva de capital en manos privadas. Los bienes ya no tienen valor de uso; tienen calor de cambio. No son para vivir; son para ser vendidos. En el capitalismo el dinero -esa abstracción que representa valor- está por encima de los derechos y de las necesidades de las personas. Como observa Houtart, después de la Segunda Guerra Mundial tres factores manejaron las riendas del caballo de carrera llamado capitalismo: el fortalecimiento del movimiento obrero y el miedo a la expansión del comunismo, que hicieron que los Estados burgueses regularan los derechos laborales; la implantación del socialismo en el Este de Europa; y el proyecto de desarrollo nacional en países pobres como el Brasil (conferencia de Bandung, Indonesia, 1955). Esos tres factores eran la piedra en el casco del sistema capitalista que, por causa de ellos, se vio obligado a reducir su nivel de acumulación y su libertad de apropiarse de todo lo que podía generar riqueza”.
Caído el Muro de Berlín una ola de optimismo exagerado los llevó a proclamar la libertad de movimiento: para el dinero, las mercancías, las inversiones, la traslación de empresas, la fusiones de los grandes grupos, menos claro está para las personas pobres. “Pero sucede que la vida está hecha de imprevistos”. “Y ahora el caballo se ve obligado a desacelerar su carrera por culpa de la crisis ecológica (el calentamiento global), de la crisis de superproducción (hay más oferta que demanda de productos) y de la actual crisis financiera que vacía los bancos de los EE. UU., hace que más de un millón de personas vieran evaporarse su sueño de tener casa propia, y provoca, en un mes, el desempleo de más de 35 mil operarios bancarios norteamericanos”.
La sagrada libertad de mercado, que iba acompañada por la no intervención del estado, se vio superada en los hechos y fue precisamente ese estado el que tuvo que salir a salvar el desastre que nos está invadiendo. Betto cierra con una humorada: “La reciente reunión de Davos, club que aglutina a los dueños del dinero, fue como un cónclave de cardenales que, de pronto, descubren que Dios no existe. Ahí quedó estremecida la fe en el mercado. Si él trajo tantas bendiciones a los elegidos de la fortuna, ahora amenaza con maldiciones”.
Como decía antes, una vez más el precio más caro lo pagarán los pobres.

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